Today Post::Cotton

Definition: Cotton is the backbone of world's textile trade. Cotton is essential cellulose. It is attached to the seeds of plants of the Mallow Family. Many of our everyday textiles are made by cotton. Cotton fabrics are hand wearing and capable of infinite verity of weave and coloring.

Cotton Breeding: cotton plant gossypium belongs to the genus malvaceae. The breeds can be classified on a genetic basis and chromosomes in the body cells.
New world types:- Gossypium Hirsutaum
Gossypium Brasilence
Gossypium Barbadence
Gossypium Peruvinum
Gossypium Purpurasems

Old world types:
Gossypium Aboreum
Gossypium Nanking
Gossypium Herbaceum

At present time the following are cultivated world wide-
Gossypium Hirsutum-87%
Gossypium Barbadense-8%
Gossypium Arborium + Gossypium Herbaceum—5%

Cotton growing countries:
Now a days cotton is cultivated in approximately 75 countries on an average of 32 million hectors. This is approximately 0.8% of the cultivated serface of the earth. The world wide annual production of ginned cotton is 20 million ton. This is 50% of the textile fibres processed between 4 and 6 million ton of the cotton produced is exported.

The most important producers are:– USA, Russia, Pakistan, India, China, Australia, Sudan, Paraguay, Brazil, Egypt, Mexico, Turkey, Canada, Europe, Etc.

The process sequence of Cotton production / Cultivation:

1. Formation of Cotton Fibre
2. Fibre Growth
3. Ring Growth
4. Effect of Growth Condition( Matured fibre, immature fibre, dead fibre).

Cotton Harvesting:
The process of pick up cotton from the field is known as harvesting. There are two types of harvesting—
1. Manual Harvesting
2. Mechanical Harvesting.

Ginning: The process of separating cotton fibres from seeds is called ginning. There are two types of ginning machines. Such as— 1. Saw Gin (for low to medium quality fibres)
3. Roller Gin (For high quality fibres).

Commercial varieties of cotton:
1. Very fine and lustrous—length 2—3 "
2. Average fine and little lustrous—length –1-2"
3. Short fibres or course fibres with no lustrous—less the 1"

Chemical composition of cotton:

Cellulose: 94%
Protein: 1.5%
Wax: 0.5%
Pectin Materials: 1%
Small amount of acids, sugar and pigments: 2%

To Read More About Cotton Please see at —–Cotton Properties